Resiliensi Teologis Minoritas Kristen Indonesia: Kritik Sosio Retoris 1 Petrus 4:12-19 Dan Implikasinya Bagi Pengajaran Kristen

Mieke Nova Sendow; Sarah Angel  Posumah

doi:10.38091/man_raf.v13i1.732

Mieke Nova Sendow Fakultas Teologi Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tomohon
Sarah Angel Posumah Fakultas Teologi Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tomohon

DOI: https://doi.org/10.38091/man_raf.v13i1.732

Keywords: 1 Peter; Christian Religious Education; Indonesia; minority complex; socio-rhetorical criticism; theological resilience

Abstract

This article examines theological resilience as a response to the minority complex experienced by Indonesian Christians as a minority group within a pluralistic society. Within the framework of Christian Religious Education, this study approaches 1 Peter 4:12-19 not merely as a historical text but as a formative resource capable of shaping faith identity and responsible social engagement. This study employs a qualitative method through a literature review using socio-rhetorical criticism according to Vernon K. Robbins with a five-texture analysis. The findings indicate that the author of 1 Peter constructs a rhetorical strategy that reaffirms faith identity grounded in a relationship with Christ, reframes social disgrace as spiritual honor, and encourages active participation in communal life without aggression or withdrawal. These findings carry pedagogical implications for Christian Religious Education, particularly in the formation of learners' faith identity, education for responsible social engagement, and the development of contextual New Testament-based teaching methodologies.

Abstract View: 0,

PDF Download: 0

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biography

Sarah Angel Posumah, Fakultas Teologi Universitas Kristen Indonesia Tomohon

References

Achtemeier, Paul J. 1 Peter: A Commentary on First Peter,. Disunting oleh Eldon Jay Epp. Fortress Press, 1996.

Adler, Alfred. Understanding Human Nature. Routledge, 2013.

Ashfiya, Dilla Agustin Nurul. Kasus Intoleransi di Indonesia: Jumlah, Penyebab, Pelaku dan Contohnya. t.t. Diakses 27 Februari 2026. https://goodstats.id/article/intoleransi-agama-di-indonesia-HdiJw.

Barclay, William. Pemahaman Alkitab Setiap Hari: Surat Yakobus, 1 & 2 Petrus. BPK Gunung Mulia, 2010.

Blankenbaker, Frances. Inti Alkitab untuk Para Pemula. BPK Gunung Mulia, 2011.

Demmaloga. “Konsep Teologis Penderitaan Kristen Menurut Surat 1 Petrus 4:12-19.” The Messengers: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristen 2, no. 2 (2021): 159–69.

Dirgantara, Adhyasta. Kecam Perusakan Rumah Doa Kristen di Padang, SETARA: Intoleransi Kian Marak. t.t. Diakses 27 Februari 2026. https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2025/07/28/20300881/kecam-perusakan-rumah-doa-kristen-di-padang-setara-intoleransi-kian-marak?page=2.

Elliot, John H. Conflict, Community, and Honor: 1 Peter in Social-Scientific Perspective,. Cascade Books, 2007.

Elliott, John H. A Home for the Homeless: A Social-Scientific Criticism of I Peter, Its Situation and Strategy. Fortress Press, 1990.

Grudem, Wayne A. 1 Peter: Tyndale New Testament Commentaries. Vol. 17. InterVarsity Press, 2010.

Hakh, Samuel Benyamin. Perjanjian Baru: sejarah, pengantar, dan pokok-pokok teologisnya. BPK Gunung Mulia, 2024.

Henry, Matthew. Tafsiran Matthew Henry: Surat Ibrani, Yakobus, 1 & 2 Petrus, 1-3 Yohanes, Yudas, Kitab Wahyu,. 1 ed. Disunting oleh Johnny Tjia dan Barry van der Schoot. Momentum, 2016.

Keating, Daniel. First and Second Peter, Jude. Baker Academic, 2011.

Keener, Craig S. 1 Peter A Commentary. Baker Academic, 2021.

Kriswanto, Agus. “Negosiasi Kehormatan: Apologia Umat Minoritas Merespons Tantangan Sosial Menurut 1 Petrus 3:15-16.” RERUM: Journal of Biblical Practice 1, no. 2 (2022): 131–50. https://doi.org/10.55076/rerum.v1i2.4.

MacArthur, John. First Peter: The MacArthur New Testament Commenntary,. Moody Publishers, 2004.

MacDonald, William. Tafsiran Alkitab Bagi Orang Percaya: Perjanjian Baru Buku 3 1 Timotius - Wahyu. Disunting oleh Art Farstad. Diterjemahkan oleh Stanley S. Pouw dan Pujo Handoko. PBMR ANDI, 2024.

MacMullen, Ramsay. Paganism in the Roman Empire. Yale University Press, 1981.

Malina, Bruce J. The New Testament World: Insights from Cultural Anthropology. 3 ed. Westminster John Knox, 2001.

Marthen, Enjelia, dan Dicky Dominggus. “Memahami Penderitaan Dalam 1 Petrus 4:12-19 Dan Implikasinya Dengan Situasi Pandemi Covid 19.” Diegesis : Jurnal Teologi 6, no. 1 (2021): 20–35. https://doi.org/10.46933/DGS.vol6i120-35.

Miller, Stephen M. Panduan Lengkap Alkitab. Diterjemahkan oleh Merry Debora. BPK Gunung Mulia, 2020.

Robbins, Vernon K. Exploring the Texture of Texts: A Guide to Socio-Rhetorical Interpretation. Trinity Press International, 1996.

Sebastian, Hans Yulizar. Pembubaran KKRdi Bandung: Cara Allah Bekerja. t.t. Diakses 27 Februari 2026. https://www.buletinpillar.org/isu-terkini/pembubaran-kkr-di-bandung-cara-allah-bekerja.

Watson, Duane F., dan Terrance Callan. First and Second Peter,. Baker Academic, 2012.

Wheaton, D. H. Tafsiran Alkitab Masa Kini 3 Matius - Wahyu. Diterjemahkan oleh M. Rikin. BPK Gunung Mulia, 1982.

Witheringtong III, Ben. Letters and Homilies for Hellenized Christians: A Socio-Rhetorical Commentary on 1-2 Peter. Vol. 2. IVP Academic, 2008.