Manna Rafflesia

KONSTRUKSI MODERASI BERAGAMA MASYARAKAT SALATIGA SEBAGAI KOTA TOLERAN

2025-11-12T12:19:43+07:00

This article presents the construction of society in Salatiga in realizing tolerance and moderate religious life. Salatiga, which has received the title of being a tolerant city in Indonesia, is important to study regarding the existing social construction, so that for several years in a row it has been ranked in the top three. Using a qualitative approach, qualitative descriptive methods and data collection through observation, interviews accompanied by Focus Group Discussions, then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model. The findings of this research show that basic construction in society is formed from local history, education, community meeting spaces and economic activities to become social capital that continues to maintain and develop tolerance in Salatiga. Religious moderation introduced by the government has been implemented in Salatiga City.

PEMBACAAN LINTAS TEKSTUAL NARASI DEWA RUCI DAN WANITA SAMARIA SEBAGAI MODEL TEOLOGI KONTEKSTUAL BAGI MASYARAKAT JAWA

2025-11-12T12:19:21+07:00

This study aims to examine the theme of Living Water through a cross-textual reading of the Dewa Ruci narrative in Javanese tradition and the account of Jesus with the Samaritan woman in John 4. Using the cross-textual reading method, this research identifies similarities, differences, and points of convergence between the two narratives. The integration of these meanings is employed to formulate a contextual theology model that combines the biblical message with the symbolic richness of Javanese culture. The findings are expected to contribute to the development of a theology that is relevant, communicative, and rooted in the Javanese cultural context..

MODERASI BERAGAMA DALAM MIMBAR GEREJA: PENDEKATAN INKLUSIF DAN KONTEKSTUAL

2025-11-12T12:19:00+07:00

This research investigates the practice of religious moderation in church pulpits, focusing on the implementation of moderation values in daily religious life. Through a qualitative approach with a literature study that explores information through books and articles that discuss this topic to understand how religious moderation is realized in teaching, preaching, and other religious activities. In-depth observations with church leaders and congregation members, as well as participatory observation, provided deep insights into their perspectives and experiences of religious moderation. This research also aims to identify the main challenges faced by churches in practicing moderation and contribute to the literature related to the importance of religious moderation in places of worship. Through this approach, the authors provide a holistic and in-depth understanding of the practice of religious moderation in church pulpits and contribute to the development of strategies and policies that support religious moderation in the church environment and society at large.

INKARNASI KRISTUS SEBAGAI POLA HIDUP ORANG PERCAYA MENURUT FILIPI 2:5-8

2025-11-12T12:18:39+07:00

The concept of incarnation has given rise to much theological discussion. Each of them has a different argumentative background. This is motivated by different methods and approaches. This article attempts to convey the concept of incarnation with a biblical approach. The method used is exegesis. This is an attempt to find the truth according to what God's Word meant. It is hoped that through this article the truth about the biblical concept of incarnation can be found, and can be a reference in various discussions related to the theme.

DAMPAK GAME ONLINE TERHADAP SPIRITUALITAS REMAJA KRISTEN DI KOTA MANADO

2025-11-12T12:18:20+07:00

Technological developments from the Society 1.0 era to Society 5.0 have drastically changed human lifestyles, including in Indonesia, which is still in the process of adapting to the Fourth Industrial Revolution. These advancements, through digital devices such as smartphones, have made access to information and entertainment easier, but have also given rise to new phenomena such as online gaming addiction, which erodes human values. Various cases at the global, national, and local levels highlight the negative impacts of online gaming, ranging from violent behaviour to moral decay among children and adolescents in the city of Manado. This study aims to analyse the effects of online gaming addiction on the behaviour and spiritual values of students in the digital age. Using descriptive qualitative methods and interviews, it can be concluded that online gaming addiction has a significant impact on various aspects of students' lives, including physical, mental, and social health, as well as academic achievement. In an educational context, this addiction also affects affective assessment, particularly spiritual attitudes, which are closely related to the formation of moral character and spiritual life. Excessive online gaming has the potential to undermine moral values, disrupt social relationships, and weaken students' spiritual commitment. Therefore, supervision from educators and parents is crucial to ensure students can manage their online gaming use wisely, thereby maintaining.

PERAN GEREJA DALAM MEMUTUS MATA RANTAI KEKERASAN SEKSUAL TERHADAP ANAK

2025-11-16T12:19:11+07:00

Sexual violence against children requires preventive efforts accompanied by serious and sustained measures to break the chain of sexual violence against children. The purpose of this study is to determine the role, efforts, and solutions that can be implemented by the church in breaking the chain of sexual violence against children. In analyzing this issue, the research method used is qualitative research and a descriptive approach. Based on the research, the results show that efforts to break the chain of sexual violence can be carried out through the church's work in the areas of Koinonia, Marturia, and Diakonia. Solutions and efforts that can be made by the church can begin with awareness of the ecosystem of sexual violence against children, followed by concrete action. The church needs to voice the urgency of sexual crimes and appeal to the congregation through sermons to increase awareness and supervision of children, provide faith guidance for all categorical groups, and provide assistance to victims.

DYOTHELITISME DALAM PERSPEKTIF JOHN CALVIN: ANALISIS THEOLOGIS TERHADAP KONSEP DUALITAS KEHENDAK KRISTUS

2025-11-16T12:18:53+07:00

Dyothelitism is the doctrine that teaches that in Christ there are two different wills, the divine will and the human will. History records that this doctrine has sparked a very long theological debate among Christians, especially between the Monophysites and the Nestorians. Starting from this fact, through this article, the author will analyse the doctrine of dyothelitism in the perspective of John Calvin, namely analysing how Calvin interpreted and integrated the two wills of Christ in the Christological framework he built, as well as its doctrinal implications for the church today. This research uses a qualitative method with a historical-theological approach, referring to Calvin's works, especially Institutio Christianae Religionis, as well as the results of the Council of Constantinople III (681 AD) which confirmed Dyothelitism as an orthodox doctrine. The analysis shows that the duality of Christ's will not only maintains the balance between His divine and human natures, but also has a significant impact on the understanding of Christian soteriology and spirituality. The article also shows that dyothelitism not only maintains the integrity of Christ's nature as both God and man, but also ensures the effectiveness of His work of salvation. By understanding this concept, the church can more fully appreciate the mystery of the Incarnation and the redemptive work of Christ.

RELIGION AS A MEANS OF RESTORATION: A THEOLOGICAL APPROACH TO TRAUMA AND RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE IN INDONESIA

2025-11-16T12:18:35+07:00

This article advocates for a constructive theological approach, in which theology is employed to interpret and give meaning to human experiences within the public sphere and daily life. One of the most profound traumatic experiences faced by individuals and societies is violence. Religious violence, in particular, represents a collective trauma, as it involves the misuse of religious symbols and language to legitimize acts of aggression. Consequently, theological efforts are essential to rediscover and reaffirm the noble values that constitute the essence and true purpose of religion, ensuring their revitalization. Importantly, the phenomenon of violence perpetrated in the name of religion does not indicate that religion itself is inherently violent; rather, it underscores the propensity of certain religious adherents toward conflict and aggression. This article also seeks to challenge and correct the stigmatization imposed by secularist perspectives, which unjustly portray religion as a fundamental source of violence, as a dangerous entity, or as a force that contributes more to harm than to good. On the contrary, this study highlights the richness of religious traditions, which encompass profound teachings of virtue, nobility, and moral greatness—values that hold significant potential for fostering healing, peace, solidarity, and reconciliation. Furthermore, this article explores the necessity of religious engagement in contemporary global and pluralistic societies. It examines how religious communities should embody their theological commitments within the public sphere in ways that contribute to minimizing human suffering and addressing the traumas that pervade modern life

MISSION ENTREPRENEURSHIP: A SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH AGENDA

2025-11-16T12:18:12+07:00

This study aims to provide guidance in the theoretical development of mission entrepreneurship through a Systematic Literature Review and provide an overview of the situation when the research is carried out, as well as discover the gap for further research. The results of the review found answers to research questions, namely that previous studies were more dominant in discussing mission entrepreneurship only as a concept. Based on the review, the research types that are still rarely used are quantitative and mixed-methods. Responses from respondents or researchers are more directed to the concept of mission entrepreneurship. The understanding of mission entrepreneurship is not comprehensive enough. The previous article did not discuss the biblical text as the theological basis for mission entrepreneurship. The geographical distribution (country) analysis, which became the subject and object of research, was more dominant in Indonesia, followed by America. The Church and missionaries more widely use the impact of the research results in the mission field. As for the mission strategy and the mission agency itself, it does not have a significant effect. Therefore, this Systematic Literature Review research is expected to guide and map future mission entrepreneurship theory development.

RESPON INTOLERANSI BERAGAMA BERDASARKAN 1 PETRUS 4: 12-14

2025-11-16T12:17:52+07:00

The issue of intolerance and violations of religious freedom in Indonesia threatens interfaith harmony, especially for Christian students. This study aims to analyze the biblical response to religious intolerance according to 1 Peter 4:12-14 and provide practical guidance for Christian students in facing persecution. The method used is qualitative, with a descriptive analysis of the biblical text. The results show that suffering and persecution are part of the Christian faith, where persecution is understood as a trial that strengthens faith. In conclusion, Christian students need to be equipped with an understanding of religious moderation, in-depth Christian education, and church training to wisely and compassionately face intolerance, enabling them to remain steadfast in faith while respecting the diversity around them.

KEPEMIMPINAN KRISTEN DAN NILAI-NILAI HAK ASASI MANUSIA SEBAGAI STRATEGI TEOLOGIS DALAM MENANGKAL RADIKALISME

2025-11-16T12:17:32+07:00

Radicalism developing within religious educational institutions poses a serious threat and challenge to social life and harmony. Religious institutions, which should serve as spaces for character building and spirituality, have the potential to become fertile ground for the spread of extremist ideologies and hatred. The failure to integrate universal human values and theology that respects others is one of the main causes of the weakness of religious organisations. Moreover, the phenomenon of increasing intolerance among the younger religious generation shows a crisis in moral leadership and education based on religious teachings. This study aims to examine the strategic role of Christian leadership and human rights education as a theological approach to countering radicalism in religious educational institutions. Using a descriptive qualitative method based on literature review, it can be concluded that the role of Christian leadership theology as the foundation of anti-radicalism and human rights education from a Christian theological perspective are interdependent elements that must be integrated, encompassing both Christian leadership and human rights education. This serves as a preventive theological strategy, thereby presenting both the value of implementation and the challenges of theological strategy within religious educational institutions.

PENDEKATAN TEOLOGI AGAMA-AGAMA TERHADAP RITUAL PONGONSONG BIHING DI SUKU SALUAN KRISTEN

2025-11-16T12:17:07+07:00

This article discusses the Pongonsong Bihing custom, a cultural practice of the Saluan tribe in Central Sulawesi performed in the context of death and the mourning period. This tradition arises from the belief that the spirit of the deceased can disrupt festivities if not honored through specific rites. Within the Christian Saluan community, this practice creates tension between ancestral traditions and Christian theological teachings regarding the state of the soul after death. Using a qualitative approach and a literature review, this article analyzes the Pongonsong Bihing custom based on a theological approach to religions. The study shows that although the aspect of belief in spirits conflicts with Christian doctrine, the social values such as respect, solidarity, and empathy within this custom can be accommodated ethico-theologically. This article also emphasizes that an inclusive approach to local culture can strengthen inter-religious harmony in Indonesia's multicultural society..

SPIRITUALITAS KRISTEN DALAM BAYANG-BAYANG VIRTUALITAS: MENAFSIR KEHADIRAN ILAHI DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB ETIS GEREJA DI ERA DIGITAL GLOBAL

2025-11-16T12:16:49+07:00

Digital transformation has presented new challenges for the church in maintaining Christian spirituality in line with biblical values in the midst of an instant and fragmented virtual space. In the era of digital globalisation, the divine presence in worship practices and online communities is no longer physical but mediated by technology, which has the potential to obscure the meaning of incarnational spirituality. This study aims to re-narrate the presence of God and formulate the ethical responsibility of the church in building contextual digital spirituality. The study employs a qualitative method based on literature review, leading to the conclusion that Christian spirituality and divine presence must be re-narrativised as an expression of incarnational theology in the virtual realm, enabling the church to present divine reality in a transformative manner within the digital world. In this context, Christian ethics serve as the primary foundation for the church's responsibility in building a healthy, integrity-driven, and spiritually unmanipulated digital ecology. The virtual disruption that has occurred not only changes the form of ministry but also gives rise to a spiritual crisis that directly impacts the process of faith formation among the faithful in the digital age. Therefore, a contextual church strategy is needed to formulate a digital spirituality that remains incarnational, relevant, and capable of guiding the faithful toward a genuine encounter with God in their daily lives that have been digitised. The church must also be an ethical agent in the digital space, rejecting the manipulation and commercialisation of faith. In this way, digital spirituality can become a vessel for authentic and prophetic growth in faith.

DEKADENSI KEPEMIMPINAN DAN DISINTEGRASI TUBUH KRISTUS: ANALISIS TEOLOGI ETIS TERHADAP KRISIS MORALITAS GEREJA DI ERA KONTEMPORER

2025-11-17T12:16:54+07:00

Church leadership today is facing a serious crisis due to the weakening of moral integrity and the increasing prevalence of ethical banality. Many cases show that authoritarian behaviour, abuse of power, desire for position and power, and immoral behaviour have created deep wounds in the faith community and damaged the integrity of the Body of Christ. This phenomenon is a strong indicator of the decline of leadership that no longer stands on biblical values and ethical theological principles that should be the foundation of Christian ministry. The disintegration of the church as a direct result of moral failure in leadership highlights the urgency of re-examining the relationship between Christian ethics and power structures within the church. This study aims to analyse theologically and ethically how leadership decadence contributes to church division in the contemporary era. Using a qualitative approach with a literature review method, it can be concluded that amoral and banal leadership in Christianity is the primary factor causing moral decadence, leading to the disintegration of the Body of Christ and a crisis of church morality. When leadership loses its spiritual dimension and ethical integrity, the church is no longer able to carry out its prophetic function in society. Therefore, leadership actualisation and reform strategies that emphasise moral education and accountability are needed as efforts to restore spiritual authority and church unity.

MEREDUKSI AJARAN SESAT DALAM KOMUNITAS KRISTEN DI ERA DIGITAL: TELAAH TEOLOGIS PERAN GEMBALA SEBAGAI PENJAGA IMAN JEMAAT

2025-11-17T12:16:18+07:00

Heretical teachings pose a serious and growing threat to contemporary Christian communities, particularly in the digital age, which allows for their massive and unrestricted spread across digital platforms. The presence of these deviant teachings not only undermines sound doctrine but also damages the spirituality of congregations that lack a solid foundation of faith. In many churches, this phenomenon is exacerbated by weak theological resilience and a lack of spiritual oversight from church leaders. The phenomenon of pastors focusing more on managing ministry than maintaining doctrine worsens the situation. This study aims to theologically examine the role of pastors as guardians of the faith and spirituality of the congregation in facing heretical teachings. The research method used is descriptive qualitative through a literature review of biblical sources, pastoral theology, and academic literature. The findings of this study conclude that the presence of heretical teachings within Christian communities necessitates an understanding of their characteristics and their impact on the spirituality of the congregation. Therefore, pastors have a theological responsibility from a biblical perspective. Thus, pastoral strategies are needed to reduce heretical teachings: education, training, and church discipline. This is a formulation of pastoral leadership theology in the context of the crisis of truth and contemporary heretical teachings. Therefore, the church needs to equip pastors theologically and pastorally to maintain the integrity of the faith of the congregation.

MODEL TEOLOGI KONTEKSTUAL DALAM PENDIDIKAN SENI MAENGKET: INTERNALISASI MODERASI BERAGAMA BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL MINAHASA

2025-11-17T12:16:01+07:00

This article investigates how traditional arts, particularly Maengket dance and the Pangucapan Syukur (Thanksgiving) tradition in Minahasa, serve as strategic vehicles for promoting religious moderation and contextual art education. Drawing on ethnomusicology, sociomusicology, and cultural sustainability theory, the analysis demonstrates that the musical architecture of Maengket possesses significant aesthetic, pedagogical, and spiritual dimensions. Findings indicate that these cultural practices are effective in cultivating organic spaces for interfaith dialogue, strengthening shared values, and enhancing social cohesion within a pluralistic community. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical need to adapt traditional arts into formal educational curricula and to utilize digital platforms for broader outreach to youth. Ultimately, by integrating artistic expression, local wisdom, and technology, this research offers a sustainable model for education and religious moderation that aligns with the evolving social landscape of Indonesia

TEOLOGI DIGITAL DAN RELEVANSI MISI GEREJA DI ERA VIRTUAL: STUDI KRITIS EVANGELISASI ONLINE DI KALANGAN GENERASI MILENIAL DAN GEN Z

2025-11-17T12:15:39+07:00

The sophistication of digital-based technology and communication has shaped a new culture that fundamentally changes the way humans relate to and understand reality, including in their spiritual lives. The Church, as a community of faith, is challenged to redefine its mission of proclaiming the Gospel to align with the dynamic and complex communication patterns of the digital generation. Unfortunately, many online evangelisation practices remain technical in nature and lack deep theological reflection. Millennials and Gen Z, as digital natives, show an interest in spirituality but feel disconnected from church institutions perceived as irrelevant. This study aims to develop a theology of mission to address the dynamics of digital evangelisation among these younger generations. Through a qualitative approach based on literature review, the conclusion of this study states that digital theology becomes a new foundation for relevant Gospel proclamation in the virtual era, especially in reaching Millennials and Gen Z who live in a digital culture. Online evangelism practices require the development of contextual, ethical, and authentic message-based digital missiology. Therefore, the church needs to reformulate its mission theology as a form of incarnational, dialogical, and transformative witness in the midst of an ever-evolving virtual world.

FORMASI IMAN DAN MODERASI BERAGAMA: TEOLOGIS‑PEDAGOGIS MEMBANGUN SIKAP TOLERAN DALAM KEKRISTENAN DI ERA PLURALISTIK

2025-11-17T12:15:20+07:00

This study examines the integration of faith formation and religious moderation within the context of Christianity as a theological-pedagogical approach to fostering tolerant attitudes in a pluralistic society. Employing a qualitative-descriptive approach based on library research, this paper identifies the theological principles of faith formation such as love (agape), respect for human dignity (imago Dei), and prophetic responsibility alongside the pedagogical principles of religious moderation emphasizing balance, openness, reflection, and dialogue. The integration of these principles produces a conceptual framework applicable to church practices, family life, and Christian educational communities, nurturing faith that is both steadfast and open to diversity. The novelty of this research lies in highlighting the theological dimension of religious moderation within the Christian tradition and its relevance for character formation in today’s digital and multicultural context. Furthermore, the study offers practical directions for developing an inclusive and peace-oriented faith culture within church and social life.

SPIRITUALITAS JEMAAT DAN KETAHANAN IMAN DI MASA KRISIS SOSIAL: PERSPEKTIF TEOLOGI PASTORAL

2025-11-17T12:15:02+07:00

Social crises such as pandemics, social conflicts, and economic instability affect the strength of community faith. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how congregational spirituality can help faith resilience in the midst of crisis using a pastoral theological approach. The main question posed in this study is how spirituality and church community build faith resilience in times of social crisis? The method used is a descriptive qualitative study with a theological-pastoral approach, utilizing literature review and contextual analysis. The findings of this study indicate that various spiritual practices, such as prayer and fellowship, as well as involvement in the church community, are highly influential in strengthening the faith of the congregation amidst crisis situations. However, obstacles such as a lack of discipleship and community fragmentation were also found. Therefore, the church must be present contextually and actively to strengthen the faith of the people during the current crisis.